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GASOTRANSMITTERS
1- Nitric oxide
This composition, which many people have heard of several times throughout their life but does not know exactly what it is, is one of the most important substances that lead to the continuation of human life. Nitric oxide (NO); It is defined as a colorless, poisonous gas obtained by oxidation of nitrogen. It is a molecule that consists of a combination of a nitrogen and an oxygen atom.
Extensive research over the past two decades has revealed that this molecule plays an essential role in intercellular communication. Nitric oxide is a hormone naturally produced in the human body, a chemical messenger; It plays a strategic role in the regulation of vital functions of the nervous, circulatory, defense, respiratory and reproductive systems.
So, what does the effect of this molecule bring people?
The answer to this question has been very short and clear. Survive…
Because nitric oxide plays a regulatory role in the work of our brain and heart, our two vital organs. It performs its regulatory role by ensuring that the blood flows smoothly in the veins and flows comfortably through all our organs. Thus, the risk of brain bleeding and heart attack decreases as it regulates and relaxes the blood flow.
PROS
Neuroprotective Effects
- iNOS inhibition
- Inhibition of peroxynitrate anion that maintains mitochondrial respiration.
- Impede cytochrome C and maintain cellular physiology.
CONS
Neurodegenerative Effects
- eNos activation and increase in intracellular calcium level.
- nNOS dephosphorylation
- Superoxide anion formation.
- Oxydative stress.
2- CARBONMONOXIDE
It is a colorless, odorless, toxic gas formed by the combustion of carbon with insufficient amount of oxygen. There are headache, visual disturbances, drowsiness, confusion and coma in the poisoning table. Judicial ability is impaired and intuition is lost. As a result, permanent brain damage may occur. Also, neurasthenia, depression can be seen. Significant recovery may follow encephalopathy secondary to oxygen deficiency. Organic psychosis can last for months, but the end ends relatively well. Its treatment is done by giving 70% nitrogen and 30% oxygen with a mechanical breathing tool or by mouth breathing in emergency situations. It is used in generator gas, water gas, force gas and air gas in the industry. It is also used as fuel. It is also found inside the cigarette.
Also, in the event of brain damage, carbon monoxide has been proven neuroprotective in many animal models.
Inhalation of CO ... Recent studies have revealed that Inhalation of CO can be an important treatment for sicks and can be used to treat neuropathologies, psychiatric diseases, and neurodegeneration. Clinical studies have revealed that CO is necessary to get rid of patients' diseases.
PROS
Neuroprotective Effects
-Exogenous injection increases survival of dopaminergic neurons.
- Redox control and modulation of proliferation.
- Decrease generation of TNF-alpha
CONS
Neurodegenerative Effects
-Upregulation of heme oxygenase
-TNF-alpha generation and mitochondrial malfunction.
-Oxidative stress, formation of ROS and RNS.
3- HYDROGEN SULFIDE
It is a stench, colorless gas that resembles the spoiled egg smell. It is a very toxic gas that irritates the respiratory system and lungs, but it has an effect on the central nervous system It has many regulatory functions in the physiological system, such as a kind of neurotransmission and neuromodulation, and is considered an important signal functional molecule fragment, which is associated with learning, memory and nociception.
PROS
Neuroprotective Effects
- Inhibit oxidation of lipid and protein peroxidation.
- Inhibit proinflammatory molecules such as cytokines and chemokines.
- Inhibit TNF-alpha expression.
CONS
Neurodegenerative Effects
- Homosistein
- Central atrophy, seizure, intellectual impairment.
- Microglial activation and neuroinflammation.
